文章编号：1672-3104(2015)03-0015-07

摘 要： 把“性别操演”理论中的“操演”误作“表演”，在于预置了一个自为的、自然的身体观。相反，“操演”体现的是建构的身体观，“操演”不是作为行为者的身体的自主择装，而是性别霸权话语在话语“再意指”中的重复性规训，其效应体现为与规范话语相符合的一系列身体风格。与建构的身体观相应，并不存在一个前话语的自然式身体，但巴特勒赋予“性别操演”中所具有的建构的能动性问题使其又不得不重新面对身体的物质性议题，即建构的能动性不在于德里达式“再意指”中的必然“变异”，而在于被否定同时又被保留在身体中的欲望的回返冲动；这一对欲望身体的援引，构成了巴特勒对自然身体观的悬置态度的再否定。由此，有关“性别操演”的诸多争议又以另一种形式延递到巴特勒对身体的解释中，这促使我们应重新思考身体的物质性及与此相关的“活现的身体”观的含义。

关键词： 性别操演；被建构的身体；被排除的身体；朱迪斯·巴特勒；性别理论

Abstract: Performativity is easily mistaken for performance which presupposes a notion of natural and autonomous body. Conversely, performativity is related to a notion of socially constructed body, and can be defined as a series of reiteration of bodily acts through gender norm discourse. However, Butler has to review the materiality of body in face of the problem of agency included in performativity. Butler suggests that the agency is not dependent on what Derrida calls “the defferance in iteration” but derives from the prohibited desire preserved in the body. Unfortunately, the re-affirmation of desiring body contradicts the statement Butler has made in distinguishing performativity from performance. So to speak, the controversies over “gender performativity” are transfered into the interpretation of body, which urges us to re-think the flesh of body in a new context or in a non-west one.