文章编号：1672-3104(2020)02-0174-08

摘 要： 《说书》是晚明思想家李贽的重要著作之一。有些学者认为《说书》的文体是八股文，并以此为据分析李贽对科举的态度。李贽《焚书》等有关文献对《说书》的描述显示《说书》的文体不似八股文。参照李贽《童心说》以“童心”作为肯定八股时文的前提，分析李贽的科举经历以及晚明士人的心态，结合《说书》的创作时间以及李贽本人的八股文创作能力，并依据《说书》现存篇目的文体形态、《澹生堂藏书目》等目录学著作的归类和顾大韶等人的评论，可以肯定《说书》的文体形态为“说书”。李贽的《说书》应该是以文体命名的。《说书》文体形态的辨析有助于研究李贽对科举的态度，进而研究李贽的儒学思想、文体学思想、心学思想以及文学思想。

关键词： 李贽；《说书》；文体；说书；八股文

Abstract: Shuoshuis one of the important works by Li Chih, a late Ming thinker. Some scholars think that the literary form ofShuoshuis of eight-part-essay, and on this basis deduce Li Chih's attitude to the imperial examination. But the description ofShuoshuin some of Li Chih's relevant references such asFanshushows that the literary form ofShuoshuis not like eight-part-essay. The present essay, based on the description ofShuoshuin Li Chih's works, referring to his theory of childlike heart-mind (Tongxin Shuo) and his experience of imperial examination as well as the mentality of scholars in the late Ming Dynasty, and adhering to the literary style of the existing articles inShuoshu, the classification of , academic works and comments by Gu Dashao and others, can safely conclude that the literary form ofShuoshuis “shuoshu”. And Li Chih'sShuoshushould be named after its literary form. The analysis of the literary form ofShuoshuis helpful to study Li Chih's attitude to the imperial examination, and then to study Li Chih's thoughts of Confucianism, stylistics, mental philosophy and literature.